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- RELIGION, Page 62All the Pope's Men
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- The naming of conservative bishops fuels bitter feuds
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- There is neither appeal nor recourse against a decision or
- decree of the Roman Pontiff.
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- -- Canon 333.3, Code of Canon Law
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- It is no secret that John Paul II is a man of strong -- and
- staunchly conservative -- convictions. Nor is it surprising that
- he has sought to fill the Roman Catholic hierarchy with clerics
- who insist on strict obedience to church teachings. In recent
- months, however, many of the faithful have been alarmed by the
- Pope's determination to override the sentiments of local clergy
- in order to get his way. Angry liberals in Vienna and Chur,
- Switzerland, have even resorted to blocking cathedral entrances
- to protest the consecration of new, archconservative bishops.
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- The most recent controversy came to a climax last week, when
- John Paul triumphed over strong local resistance and appointed
- Georg Eder, a conservative village priest, as Archbishop of
- Salzburg, Austria. It was the latest act in a long-running
- drama. Last month the Pope named an equally unpopular
- conservative as Archbishop of Cologne, West Germany, Europe's
- richest diocese. In January 1988 the Pontiff shocked the Irish
- clergy by picking a conservative metaphysician as Dublin's
- Archbishop. A few months before that, he had installed a
- longtime Vatican official as Primate of Brazil, where many
- bishops condone the leftist liberation theology that vexes the
- Vatican.
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- In the U.S. John Paul last year pursued this pattern with
- two important appointments. As Archbishop of Philadelphia, he
- chose Anthony Bevilacqua, 65, who had handled the ouster of a
- pro-choice nun in 1983. The see of Pittsburgh went to Donald
- Wuerl, 48, who had earlier been assigned to keep watch over
- Seattle's liberal Archbishop Raymond Hunthausen. Resentment
- over the Hunthausen affair is one cause of mistrust and
- disagreement between the Vatican and the U.S. hierarchy. In the
- hope of improving relations, several dozen U.S. bishops will
- travel to Rome in March for a highly unusual face-to-face
- meeting with the Pontiff.
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- Before the papacy gained control of the appointment process
- many centuries ago, bishops were elected by the local clergy and
- laity. A vestige of the older practice remains in a number of
- European cities, where panels of leading clergymen, known as
- cathedral chapters, still have an important role in choosing
- bishops. The bitterest recent conflicts have involved
- disagreements between these bodies and the Vatican.
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- Such was the case in Salzburg. Though formally announced
- only last week, Eder's appointment had long been anticipated --
- and fervently opposed. Eder, who still celebrates Mass with his
- back to the congregation, blames sex education for promoting a
- "Communist takeover of our society" and deems AIDS a form of
- divine punishment. After giving grudging approval to his
- nomination, the Salzburg cathedral chapter publicly proclaimed
- its "severe conflict of conscience" about the selection process
- and criticized the rightward imbalance of the Pope's list.
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- The Salzburg controversy was particularly disturbing to many
- Austrians because it marked the third time in as many years that
- the Pope had imposed a conservative bishop on an unwilling
- flock. To succeed the progressive intellectual Franz Cardinal
- Konig as Archbishop of Vienna in 1986, John Paul chose an
- obscure provincial monk, Hans Hermann Groer. There was a louder
- uproar in 1987, when the Pope named theologian Kurt Krenn as
- one of Vienna's auxiliary bishops. One strike against Krenn, in
- opponents' eyes, is his link to Opus Dei, a controversial
- orthodox lay organization. "The polarization in the Austrian
- church has become frightening," laments Helmut Kratzl, another
- of Vienna's auxiliary bishops.
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- An equally bitter drama unfolded in Cologne last month, when
- the Pope broke a 15-month impasse by forcing through another
- controversial cleric. John Paul wanted to name Berlin's Joachim
- Cardinal Meisner, 55, whom he knows personally and trusts. But
- in proposing Meisner and two other conservatives to Cologne's
- cathedral chapter, the Pope bypassed the more moderate
- candidates suggested by local churchmen. In a rare act of
- defiance, the cathedral chapter refused to elect any of John
- Paul's men. The Vatican hinted that it might name an emergency
- apostolic administrator, as it often does in Communist lands.
- Just before Christmas, the chapter capitulated. Editorialized
- Cologne's daily Express: "The Pope has won, the church has
- lost."
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- Showing no remorse, Vatican officials predict more hard-line
- nominees. Papal envoys, says a Vatican insider, "are basically
- under sealed instructions to nominate conservatives. They will
- be pushing them into Brazil, France, also the U.S., even in the
- small appointments." Another official vigorously defends the
- Pope's men. They "are branded as conservative," he says, "but
- to conserve is also a positive thing. As we must conserve our
- resources or the environment, so we must conserve the church
- also." There is, however, a risk that growing disenchantment
- with John Paul's single-minded use of his power may ultimately
- alienate those whose allegiance he is seeking to strengthen.
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